Perfil de componentes curriculares e docentes de Odontologia Legal e saúde coletiva de cursos de graduação em Odontologia da região norte do Brasil / Profile of curricular components and professors of Forensic Dentistry and Public Health in undergraduate dentistry courses in the northern region of Brazil

Introdução: Odontologia Legal (OL) e Saúde Coletiva (SC) contribuem na formação do cirurgião-dentista em aspectos relacionados à ética profissional, à cidadania e à atenção às necessidades de saúde da população. Objetivo: analisar o perfil de componentes curriculares e docentes de OL e SC de cursos de graduação em Odontologia. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal quantitativo desenvolvido por meio de formulário eletrônico aplicado a docentes de componentes curriculares de OL e SC de cursos da região norte do Brasil, em 2022. Para análise de dados, foi aplicada estatística descritiva e os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Quarenta docentes participaram da pesquisa, sendo 12 de instituições públicas, 27 de particulares e 1 de ambas. Deles, 10 (25%) eram de OL, 22 (55%) de SC e 8 (23%) de ambos os componentes curriculares. Todos (100%) os componentes curriculares de OL eram obrigatórios e ministrados em 1 a 3 semestres do curso, a maioria com ensino presencial (94,4%) e 50% em aulas teóricas e práticas. Os componentes curriculares de SC possuíam grande variabilidade de distribuição de períodos no curso, a maioria com carga horária de até 200 horas. Pouco mais de 40% dos docentes de OL possuíam formação específica na área. Para SC, 63% dos docentes possuíam formação específica. A oportunidade de trabalho ou de inserção em uma instituição de ensino foi o motivo mais citado pelos docentes que não possuíam formação específica na área dos componentes curriculares que ministravam. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no perfil dos docentes. Conclusão: os componentes curriculares de OL não estavam alinhados às diretrizes da Associação Brasileira de Ética e Odontologia Legal e os componentes curriculares de SC seguiam as previsões das Diretrizes Nacionais Curriculares de 2002

Introduction: Forensic Dentistry (FD) and Public Health (PH) contribute to dentist's development in aspects related to professional ethics, citizenship and attention to the population health needs. Aim: to analyze the profile of FD and PH curricular components and professors in undergraduate courses of Dentistry. Material and methods: a quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out using an electronic questionnaire sent to professors who taught FD and PH in north Brazilian colleges in 2022. To data analysis, descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied. Results: Forty professors participated in the survey, 12 from public institutions, 27 from private institutions and 1 from both. Of them, 10 (25%) were professors of FD, 22 (55%) of PH and 8 (23%) of both curricular components. All (100%) FD curricular components were mandatory and taught in 1 to 3 semesters of the course, most with face-to-face teaching (94.4%) and 50% with theoretical and practical classes. PH curricular components had great variability in the distribution of periods in the course, most with a workload up to 200 hours. Just over 40% of FD professors had specific training in the area. In the PH area, 63% of professors had specific training. The opportunity for work or insertion in an educational institution was the reason most cited by professors who did not have specific training in the area of the curricular components they taught. There was no statistically significant difference in the professors' profile. Conclusion: the FD curricular components were not aligned with the guidelines of the Brazilian Association of Ethics and Forensic Dentistry and the PH curricular components followed the predictions of the 2002 National Curricular Guidelines

Alveolar and mandibular cortex bone status in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional paired study / Condição óssea alveolar e da cortical mandibular em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1: um estudo transversal pareado

Aim: This study compared alveolar bone loss, teeth with furcation, and mandibular cortical modification between individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nondiabetic individuals. Methods: Radiographs of 50 T1DM individuals and 100 nondiabetic individuals were examined to evaluate the presence of teeth with furcation, alveolar bone loss, and mandibular cortical modifications. The Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and Student's t tests were used to analyze personal characteristics and bone status. Linear and logistic regression was performed to explore associations. Results: A significant difference was observed in the average number of teeth with furcation and in the median of alveolar bone loss between T1DM and the nondiabetic participants. T1DM individuals are more likely to have alveolar bone loss (OR = 3 2.250), teeth with furcation (OR = 8.903), and mandibular cortical modification (OR = 15.667) than are nondiabetic individuals. Among T1DM individuals, the glycemic control has a high influence in mandibular cortical modifications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A high association between uncontrolled blood glucose and mandibular cortical modifications was observed among T1DM individuals. Alveolar bone loss of T1DM individuals was associated with age, time of diagnosis, glycemic control, and the existence of chronic complications.

Objetivo:Comparar a perda óssea alveolar, a presença de dentes com lesão de furca e a alteração da cortical óssea entre indivíduos com DMT1 e indivíduos não-diabéticos. Métodos: Foram examinadas radiografias de 50 indivíduos diabéticos e de 100 não-diabéticos para avaliar a presença de dentes com lesão de furca, perda óssea alveolar e alteração cortical mandibular. Para analisar as características individuais e as condições ósseas foram usados os testes de Mann-Whitney,Qui-quadrado e t de Student. Regressões linear e logística foram realizadas para identificar associações. Resultados: Foi encontrada diferença significativa na média de dentes com lesão de furca e na mediana da perda óssea alveolar entre diabéticos e não-diabéticos. Indivíduos com DMT1 possuem mais chance de apresentar perda óssea alveolar (OR = 32,250), lesão de furca (OR=8,903) e alteração da cortical mandibular (OR = 15,667) em comparação aos indivíduos não-diabéticos. Entre os diabéticos, o controle da glicemia possui grande influência nas alterações da cortical mandibular (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Existe uma alta associação entre os níveis de glicemia descontrolada e alterações na cortical mandibular entre os indivíduos com DMT1. A perda óssea alveolar de indivíduos com DMT1 foi associada aos fatores idade, tempo de diagnóstico, controle da glicemia e a presença de complicações crônicas.

The 100 Most-Cited Papers in Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Bibliometric Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the 100 most-cited articles in DH and analyze their characteristics. Material and Methods: A search was performed on the Web of Science (WoS) and the 100 most-cited articles were selected. The following data were extracted: citations, year of publication, authorship, institution, country, journal, language, study design, topic of interest, conflict of interest (COI), and sponsorship. The VOSviewer software was used to visualize bibliometric networks. Poisson regression analysis was performed to measure associations between several citations and the characteristics of the studies. Results: The number of citations ranged from 346 to 48. The most-cited article was published in 1997 by Holland in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology. This journal published the most papers, followed by the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation and Journal of Dentistry. Laboratory research, review, and clinical trial were the study designs most prevalent. Reviews (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) and method development studies (p<0.05; PR= 1.853) had a more chance to present more citations. The main topics of interest were the clinical effectiveness of desensitizers and in vitro analysis of dentin morphology. Sponsorship and COI were underreported. England and USA presented the greatest number of citations and connections in the coauthorship network map. Conclusion: Most of the articles were original research, and their topics of interest were mainly the clinical effectiveness of desensitizing agents and dentin morphology.

Depression, anxiety and stress among dental students during COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning / Depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes de Odontologia durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e o ensino remoto

This study aimed to measure the levels of depression, anxiety and stress among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning.This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted at a Brazilian school of Dentistry, between July and August, 2020. The participants were surveyed using the adapted and validated version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. The Fisher's exact test and bivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data, using SPSS software. A total of 120 dental students (response rate of 87.60%) participated in the study; 75.8% of them were female and the mean age was 23.35 years old (± 6.07). Most students were single (85%), studied full time (68.3%) and had no employment (70.8%). Some level of depression, anxiety and stress was observed in 64.2%, 67.5% and 61.7% of the students, respectively. The severity of the depression, the anxiety and the stress was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the student's gender, fear of contracting COVID-19 and with thecondition of having a family member who has already had COVID-19. Female students, students who were fear of contracting COVID-19 and who had a familiar or a friend diagnosed with COVID-19 presented more chances of developing a high level of depression, anxiety or stress.We concluded thatdental students had high levels of depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and distance learning. This study suggests that the mental health of dental students should be carefully monitored during theCOVID-19 pandemic (AU).

Este estudo teve como objetivo mensurar os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre estudantes de Odontologia durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e o ensino à distância. Esta pesquisa transversal, realizada por meio de um questionário on-line, foi realizada em uma Faculdade de Odontologia do Brasil, entre julho e agosto de 2020. Os participantes foram avaliados por meio da versão adaptada e validada do questionário Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21). Para análise dos dados foram realizados o Teste Exato de Fisher e a Análise de Regressão Logística Bivariada, por meio do software SPSS. Participaram do estudo 120 estudantes de odontologia (taxa de resposta de 87.60%). Destes, 75.8% deles eram do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 23,35 anos (± 6,07). A maioria dos alunos era solteira (85,0%), estudava em tempo integral (68,3%) e não tinha vínculo empregatício (70,8%). Algum nível de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi observado em 64,2%, 67,5% e 61,7% dos alunos, respectivamente. As gravidades da depressão, da ansiedade e do estresse estiveram significativamente associadas (p <0.05) ao sexo do aluno, ao medo de contrair a COVID-19 e à condição de ter um membro da família que já teve a COVID-19. Estudantes do sexo feminino, estudantes com medo de contrair a COVID-19 e que tiveram um familiar ou amigo com diagnóstico de COVID-19 apresentaram maiores chances de desenvolver um alto nível de depressão, ansiedade ou estresse. Concluímos que os estudantes de odontologia apresentaram altos níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e o ensino à distância. Este estudo sugere que a saúde mental dos estudantes de odontologia deve ser monitorada cuidadosamente durante a pandemia da COVID-19 (AU).

Periodontal Outcomes in Liver Transplantation Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

AIM: To systematically review the literature for observational studies evaluating periodontal outcomes in pre- and post-liver transplant (LT) individuals compared to a control group. METHODS: Specific strategies were designed to search five databases and the grey literature. Hand-searches were also performed. The following periodontal outcomes were analyzed in pre-LT, post-LT and control groups: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival growth (GO), alveolar bone loss (ABL) probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Among the 257 studies retrieved, 11 studies were included. Four studies were incorporated into the meta-analysis and showed that PI (mean difference=0.15, 95%CI: 0.12-0.18) and GI (mean difference=0.31, 95%CI: 0.06-0.56) were significantly higher in post-LT individuals compared to the control group. There was no significant mean difference of PD (mean difference=0.49, 95%CI: -0.26-1.25) but CAL (mean differ- ence=1.47, 95%CI: 0.19-2.75) were significantly higher in pre-LT individuals compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The higher means of PI and GI in post-LT and CAL in pre-LT compared to healthy individuals suggest a relationship between the periodontal condition and the transplantation status.

Is dental caries associated with liver transplantation? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the experience of dental caries in individuals pre- or postliver transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Lilacs from databases' inception date up to April 2020 were undertaken. Gray literature and manual searches were also conducted. Observational studies were eligible. The retrieved references were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment using the University of Adelaide tool were conducted. The strength of the evidence was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS: The search retrieved 1990 references. Twenty-four cross-sectional studies were included. One subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the number of teeth with dental caries between pre-liver transplant and healthy individuals (mean difference = 1.65, confidence interval = -0.87 to 4.17). The prevalence of dental caries among pre-liver transplant individuals was 73.82% and in the post-transplant individuals was 72.83%. In the included studies, the main concern regarding risk of bias was the absence of control for confounding variables. The strength of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries may be a relevant issue in pre- and postliver transplant individuals. Oral health counseling should be included in the care of pre- and/or postliver transplant individuals.

Root Canal Treatment and Apical Periodontitis in a Brazilian Population with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Paired Study.

INTRODUCTION: This study radiographically analyzed the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) and apical periodontitis (AP) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and nondiabetic individuals and its association with the history/current status of T1DM. METHODS: In a cross-sectional paired study, the radiographic records of 50 individuals with T1DM and 100 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects were examined. The presence of RCT and AP was evaluated. Information regarding the history and current status of T1DM was collected from the medical records of each patient. RESULTS: One or more RCTs were found in 76% and 44% of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, respectively (P = .000). AP in 1 or more teeth was found in most T1DM patients (58%) and in 15% of the control subjects (P = .000). One or more RCTs associated with AP were found in 52% and 8% of T1DM and nondiabetic subjects, respectively (P = .000). Bivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that RCT (odds ratio [OR] = 10.435, P = .000), AP (OR = 3.508, P = .011), and RCT + AP (OR = 7.220, P = .000) were significantly associated with the presence of T1DM. Multivariate logistic regression showed that among T1DM individuals, there is an association between 11-15 years of diagnosis time and at least 1 RCT (OR = 46.316, P = .038) and an association between T1DM control and at least 1 tooth with AP (OR = 15.611, P = .016). CONCLUSIONS: RCT, AP, and RCT with AP were more prevalent in individuals with T1DM than in nondiabetic individuals. RCT and AP were associated with the presence of T1DM, specifically RCT with diagnostic time and AP with glycemic control.

Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Pro-Argin and NovaMin Toothpastes in Relieving Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical efficacy of toothpastes containing Pro-Argin and NovaMin as dentin hypersensitivity (DH) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA was conducted (PROSPERO registration CRD42018095367). Electronic searches were performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library and Open Grey until June 2018, with the terms [pro-argin OR arginine] AND [novamin OR calcium sodium phosphosilicate OR calcium sodium phospho silicate]. Randomised and non-randomised clinical trials comparing DH reduction in adults given Pro-argin-containing toothpastes and NovaMin-containing toothpastes were included. Study selection and quality assessment with Cochrane tool were performed. In the meta-analysis, the comparison between desensitising toothpastes was assessed by standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. RESULTS: Five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In four included studies, a reduction in the DH under tactile stimulus between baseline and post-application times for both toothpastes was demonstrated. Three studies were suitable for meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference between the two toothpastes for DH reduction was observed at immediate (SMD = -1.05, CI = -3.52;1.41), 2-week (SMD = -0.55, CI = -2.59;1.48) and 4-week (SMD = -0.49, CI = -2.78;1.81) follow-up. Certainty of the evidence was very low. Included studies presented a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Pro-argin-containing and NovaMin-containing toothpastes showed effectiveness for DH reduction. No statistically significant difference between the two toothpastes was found. Thus, both can be prescribed to treat DH in adults with equivalent effectiveness up to four weeks.

Bond Strength of Resin Cements Fixing Fiber Posts to Human and Bovine Teeth of Different Ages.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of human and bovine root dentin age on the bond strength of fiber posts fixed with resin cements. The degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cements in different root thirds also was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six single-rooted teeth were divided into groups according to the origin and age: young human (20-30 years), old human (over 60 years), young bovine (24-36 months) and adult bovine (over 48 months). The teeth were endodontically treated, and fiber posts were cemented with resin cements (RelyX Ultimate and RelyX U200). After 24 h, the teeth were sectioned perpendicularly and the push-out test was performed in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min, until failure. One specimen from each third from each group (n = 6) was selected, and the DC of the resin cements was analyzed by FT-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS: For both resin cements, the young human root dentin group presented the highest bond strengths and the old human root dentin group presented the lowest (p < 0.05). The bond strengths of bovine root dentin groups were not affected by aging (p > 0.05). For the DC of resin cements, there were differences among the root thirds (p < 0.05), with the lowest values observed in the apical third. CONCLUSIONS: The bond strengths were higher in the young human root canal than in the bovine substrate, with a negative effect of aging in the human substrate. The DC of dual-curing resin cements decreased from the coronal to apical root thirds.

Dental caries and developmental defects of enamel in individuals with chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate studies assessing the prevalence of dental caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in comparison with individuals without CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline via Ovid, and ProQuest databases from their inception date until February 2018. Two review authors independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. Meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in this study. For permanent teeth, 14 studies found that individuals without CKD had higher dental caries scores than those with CKD. However, only five studies presented results with a statistically significant difference between groups. Among the studies evaluating primary teeth, five showed that individuals without CKD had higher dental caries scores than those with CKD. Five studies showed that individuals with CKD had a significantly higher prevalence of DDE than individuals without CKD. The meta-analyses showed that individuals without CKD had significantly higher scores of dental caries teeth and surfaces than individuals with CKD. For DDE, no statistical difference between groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with CKD present lower dental caries scores and a higher prevalence of DDE in comparison with individuals without CKD.

Efeito da idade nos aspectos morfológicos, químicos e físicos das dentinas radiculares humana e bovina / The effect of age on morphological, chemical and physical aspects of human and bovine root dentin

Dentes bovinos têm sido utilizados como substitutos aos humanos em pesquisas odontológicas. Entretanto, faltam dados que suportem o uso da dentina radicular bovina, sobretudo, que analisem o efeito da idade nas propriedades do substrato. Assim, analisou-se o efeito da idade nos aspectos morfológicos, químicos e físicos das dentinas radiculares humana e bovina, em função dos terços da raiz. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, in vitro, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (COEP-UFMG 1.803.933) e pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais (CEUAUFMG 372/2016). A amostra foi composta por dentes unirradiculares, cujas dentinas radiculares foram categorizadas em: humana jovem (HJ, 20-30 anos); humana madura (HM, acima de 60 anos); bovina jovem (BJ, 24-36 meses); e bovina adulta (BA, acima de 48 meses). Os dentes foram seccionados abaixo da junção amelocementária e ao longo eixo da raiz, para a obtenção de hemisecções. Uma hemisecção foi escolhida e cortes foram feitos para a obtenção dos espécimes, conforme cada método de análise. Para as análises dos aspectos morfológicos ­ número, diâmetro e área dos túbulos dentinários ­ os espécimes foram analisados em Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura. A composição química foi analisada por Espectroscopia de Raios X por Dispersão em Energia, Espectroscopia por Comprimento de Onda Dispersivo e Espectroscopia Raman por Transformada de Fourier. Na análise das propriedades mecânicas, os espécimes foram submetidos aos testes de nanoindentação, resistência à flexão em três pontos e compressão. Para a análise da resistência ao cisalhamento por extrusão, as raízes receberam tratamento endodôntico e foram fixados pinos de fibra de vidro com cimentos resinosos (dual convencional e autoadesivo). As raízes foram seccionadas nos terços radiculares e os espécimes testados em máquina universal de ensaios. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se o grau de conversão dos cimentos resinosos. Os dados foram analisados em software estatístico, nível de significância de 5%. A HM apresentou os menores valores para número, diâmetro e área de túbulos dentinários (p<0,05). A HM apresentou maiores valores de cálcio, razão Ca/P e concentração mineral relativa, com diminuição na organização e qualidade do colágeno (p<0,05). A HM apresentou os maiores valores de nanodureza, módulo de elasticidade e resistência à compressão, mas os menores valores de resistência à flexão e módulo de elasticidade à flexão (p<0,05). A HM apresentou os menores valores de resistência de união, com diferenças entre os terços radiculares (p<0,05). O grau de conversão dos cimentos apresentou uma diminuição ao longo dos terços radiculares (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a idade possui um efeito nos aspectos morfológicos, químicos e físicos da dentina radicular humana, sem efeito na dentina bovina. Assim, quando da necessidade de substituição da dentina radicular humana pela bovina em pesquisas, é necessário considerar o efeito da idade nos desfechos analisados.

Bovine teeth have been used as a substitute for human teeth in dental research. However, there is a lack of data that support the use of bovine root dentin, mainly, that analyze the effect of age on the properties of the substrate. Thus, the effect of age on the morphological, chemical and physical aspects of human and bovine root dentin was analyzed, in function of the root thirds. This is an in vitro experimental study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee (protocol number: 1.803.933) and the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (protocol number: 372/2016). The sample was composed of single-rooted teeth and root dentin was categorized into: young human (YH, 20-30 years); old human (OH, above 60 years); young bovine (YB, 24-36 months); and adult bovine (AB, over 48 months). The roots were sectioned below the cement-enamel and longitudinally to produce two hemi-sections. One hemi-section was chosen and sections were made to obtain the specimens, according to each method of analysis. For the analyzes of the morphological aspects - number, diameter and area of the dentinal tubules - the specimens were analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscope. The chemical composition was analysed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy and Fourier Transformed Raman Spectroscopy. In the analysis of the mechanical properties, the specimens were submitted to nano-indentation, three-point flexural and compression tests. For the analysis of the push-out bond strength test, the roots received endodontic treatment and fiber post with resin cements (conventional and selfadhesive dual) were fixed. The roots were sectioned in the root thirds and the specimens tested in a universal testing machine. Additionally, the degree of conversion of the resin cements was evaluated. The data were analyzed in statistical software, level of significance of 5%. The OH presented the lowest values for number, diameter and area of dentinal tubules (p<0.05). OH showed higher values of calcium, Ca/P ratio and relative mineral concentration, with decrease in the organization and quality of the collagen (p<0.05). The OH showed the highest values of nano-hardness, elastic modulus and compressive strength, but the lowest values of flexural strength and flexural modulus (p<0.05). The OH presented the lowest values of bond strength, with differences among the root thirds (p<0.05). The degree of conversion of the cements showed a decrease along the root thirds (p<0.05). It was concluded that age has an effect on the morphological, chemical and physical aspects of human root dentin, with no effect on bovine dentin. Thus, when it is necessary to replace the human root dentin by the bovine in research, it is necessary to consider the effect of age on the analysed outcomes.

Gingival Veneer Used as Prosthetic Solution for Esthetic-Compromised Malpositioned Dental Implant.

Implant therapy has become a common practice and esthetic demands have tremendously increased, especially in the replacement of anterior teeth in patients with a high lip line. This report presents a gingival veneer as a viable treatment modality to mask peri-implant marginal gingival defects. An impression of the upper arch was made and the gingival veneer was waxed, and clinical confirmation was obtained, followed by laboratory processing, finishing, and polishing. After installing, it adapted to the proximal niches and exhibited good stability. A gingival veneer can be a feasible alternative with excellent esthetic results, when indicated and correctly executed to mask possible defects in the peri-implant marginal gingiva associated with a malpositioned single dental implant.

O ensino de gestão nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia no Brasil / The teaching of management in Brazilian undergraduate Dentistry courses

Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil do ensino de gestão nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia no Brasil. Caracteriza-se como pesquisa transversal com abordagem quantitativa a partir de dados secundários. A amostra foi composta por 327 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que possuem cursos graduação em Odontologia cadastrados no Ministério da Educação. A coleta ocorreu a partir de consultas aos sítios web das IES, dos quais foram analisadas as matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Odontologia e ementas, e observada a existência de componentes curriculares que abordassem o ensino de gestão. Quando presentes, foram colhidas as seguintes informações: região da IES, categoria administrativa da IES, natureza do componente curricular, semestre ofertado, carga horária, metodologia empregada e nomenclatura. Dos 327 cursos de graduação em Odontologia pesquisados, apenas 27,83% ofertam o ensino de gestão em suas matrizes curriculares. A maioria dos componentes curriculares é de natureza obrigatória (74,72%), ofertadas predominantemente no 8° (25,28%) e 9° (24,17%) semestres, com a carga horária variando entre 31 e 60 horas de aulas (79,12%) e natureza teóricas (60,31%). Assim, concluiu-se que o ensino de gestão é pouco explorado pelos cursos de graduação em Odontologia no Brasil, fazendo-se necessária a sua inclusão nas matrizes curriculares a fim de preparar o cirurgião-dentista para atuar na área da gestão em saúde (AU).

This study aims to outline the teaching profile of management in undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil. It is a transversal research with a quantitative approach using secondary data. The sample consisted of 327 Higher Education Institutions (HEI) that have undergraduate Dentistry courses enrolled in the Ministry of Education. The collection took place after consultation to the websites of the HEIs, from which the curricular matrices of the courses of Dentistry and their summary were analyzed. We observed the existence of curricular components that addressed the teaching of management. When present, the following information was collected: HEI region, HEI administrative category, nature of the curricular component, offered semester, workload, methodology used and nomenclature. Among the 327 undergraduate courses in Dentistry surveyed, only 27.83% offer management in their curricular matrices. Most curricular components are compulsory (74.72%), offered predominantly in eighth (25.28%) and ninth (24.17%) semesters, with a workload varying between 31 and 60 hours of classes (79.12%) and theoretical classes (60.31%). Thus, we concluded that management education is little explored by undergraduate courses in Dentistry in Brazil, making it necessary to include them in curricular matrices in order to prepare the dentist professional to work in the area of health management (AU).

Decrease in Mandibular Cortical in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Poor Glycemic Control.

In this study we analyzed the mandibular cortical bone of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and non-diabetic. Fifty patients with T1DM and 100 non-diabetic ones paired by age and gender were analyzed. Two double-blinded observers evaluated 150 digital panoramic images of both groups. The mandibular cortical bone was analyzed using the Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Mental Index (MI), Gonial Index (GI), Antegonial Index (AI) and Upper and Lower Panoramic Mandibular Indexes (UPMI and LPMI), with the aid of RADIOIMP® software. Influence of T1DM in the morphology of the mandibular cortical bone was studied based on obtaining data related to T1DM diagnosis time, blood glucose level, T1DM control and the presence of chronic complications. Collected data were submitted to descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential analyzes (Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test) (p≤0.05). According to the MCI, individuals with T1DM had higher frequencies of mandibular cortical alterations, in both sexes and all age groups (p<0.01). For quantitative indexes, MI, GI, AI, UPMI and LPMI, female patients showed statistically significant differences for GI and AI, while male patients had statistically significant differences for all indexes (p<0.05), presenting the individuals with TDM1 inferior measures. Individuals with poor T1DM control showed significantly higher frequency of mandibular cortical alteration (92.3%), with lower means for MI, GI, AI and LPMI (p≤0.05). In conclusion, patients with T1DM showed decrease in the mandibular cortical bone when compared to non-diabetic ones, indicating that poor disease control is associated with these alterations.

Decrease in Mandibular Cortical in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Poor Glycemic Control

Abstract In this study we analyzed the mandibular cortical bone of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and non-diabetic. Fifty patients with T1DM and 100 non-diabetic ones paired by age and gender were analyzed. Two double-blinded observers evaluated 150 digital panoramic images of both groups. The mandibular cortical bone was analyzed using the Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Mental Index (MI), Gonial Index (GI), Antegonial Index (AI) and Upper and Lower Panoramic Mandibular Indexes (UPMI and LPMI), with the aid of RADIOIMP® software. Influence of T1DM in the morphology of the mandibular cortical bone was studied based on obtaining data related to T1DM diagnosis time, blood glucose level, T1DM control and the presence of chronic complications. Collected data were submitted to descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential analyzes (Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test) (p≤0.05). According to the MCI, individuals with T1DM had higher frequencies of mandibular cortical alterations, in both sexes and all age groups (p<0.01). For quantitative indexes, MI, GI, AI, UPMI and LPMI, female patients showed statistically significant differences for GI and AI, while male patients had statistically significant differences for all indexes (p<0.05), presenting the individuals with TDM1 inferior measures. Individuals with poor T1DM control showed significantly higher frequency of mandibular cortical alteration (92.3%), with lower means for MI, GI, AI and LPMI (p≤0.05). In conclusion, patients with T1DM showed decrease in the mandibular cortical bone when compared to non-diabetic ones, indicating that poor disease control is associated with these alterations.

Resumo Neste estudo, nós analisamos a cortical óssea mandibular de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e não diabéticos. Foram analisados ​​50 pacientes com DM1 e 100 não diabéticos, pareados por idade e sexo. Dois observadores com duplo-mascaramento avaliaram 150 imagens panorâmicas digitais de ambos os grupos. A cortical óssea mandibular foi analisada por meio do Índice Cortical Mandibular (ICM), Índice Mental (IM), Índice Goníaco (IG), Índice Antegoníaco (IA) e os Índices Panorâmicos Mandibulares Superior (IPMS) e Inferior (IPMI), com o auxílio do software RADIOIMP®. A influência do DM1 na morfologia da cortical óssea mandibular foi analisada com base na obtenção de dados relacionados ao tempo de diagnóstico do DM1, nível de glicemia, controle do DM1 e presença de complicações crônicas. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análises descritivas (média e desvio-padrão) e inferenciais (teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher) (p ≤0,05). De acordo com o ICM, indivíduos com DM1 apresentaram maiores frequências de alterações corticais mandibulares, em ambos os sexos e todas faixas etárias (p <0,01). Para os índices quantitativos, IM, IG, IA, IPMS e IPMI, pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa para os IG e IA, enquanto os pacientes do sexo masculino mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para todos os índices (p <0,05), tendo os indivíduos com DM1 medidas inferiores. Indivíduos com controle ruim do DM1 apresentaram frequência de alteração na cortical mandibular significativamente maior (92,3%), com menores médias para o IM, IG, IA e IPMI (p ≤0,05). Em conclusão, pacientes com DM1 apresentaram diminuição na cortical óssea mandibular quando comparados aos não diabéticos, indicando que o controle ruim da doença está associado a essas alterações.

CONHECIMENTOS E ATITUDES DE CIRURGIÕES-DENTISTAS FRENTE AO CÂNCER BUCAL / Knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward oral cancer

Introdução: A ausência de sintomatologia do câncer bucal na fase inicial e a falta de preparo do cirurgião-dentista são fatores que podem estar associados a um diagnóstico tardio. Objetivos: Caracterizar os conhecimentos e atitudes dos cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes na rede privada de Campina Grande, Paraíba, acerca do câncer bucal. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados um questionário estruturado e os resultados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos 42 cirurgiões-dentistas participantes, 57,1% eram do sexo masculino. A metade dos pesquisados eram graduados há mais de 16 anos, sendo a grande maioria pós-graduados (78,5%). A maioria (54,7%) julgou ter um relativo conhecimento acerca da doença. O exame de todas as estruturas bucais nas consultas fez parte da rotina de 81% dos profissionais e em casos de lesão suspeita de malignidade, 47,6% encaminharam para especialistas. Quanto à orientação ao paciente sobre informações relativas ao câncer bucal, 64,2% confirmam a prática. Conclusões: Os cirurgiõesdentistas mostraram-se comprometidos com a prevenção e diagnóstico do câncer bucal, incluindo nos seus exames de rotina a busca por alterações do padrão de normalidade que possam sinalizar a presença de lesões cancerizáveis.

Background: The lack of symptomatology on oral cancer in the early stages and dentist's lack of preparation are factors that could be associated with delayed diagnosis. Aim: To characterize the knowledge and attitudes of dentists in private practices on Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, about oral cancer. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach. The data collection was done using a questionnaire, and results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Of those 42 dentists interviewed, 57.1% (24) were male. Half of those surveyed were graduated about sixteen years ago or more, being the most of them postgraduate 78.5% (33). The majority, 54.7% (23) believed to have a relative knowledge about the disease. The examination of all oral structures on dental visit is made by 81.0% (34) of clinical dentists and 47.6% (20) of all dentists perform dental referral for lesion suspected of malignancy. About dental advices toward oral cancer, 64.2% (27) of dentists responded positively. Conclusions: The dental surgeons showed committed with prevention and diagnosis of oral cancer, including on their routine examination the search on normal range that can indicate the presence of precancerous lesions.

Radiographic evaluation of the dental condition of elderly people treated at a Brazilian public university

AIM: To assess the dental status of elderly patients examined in the clinical dentistry course of a Brazilian public university. METHODS: An observational and descriptive study based on the analysis of panoramic radiographs. The sample consisted of 60 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria. Two observers who had been trained in appropriate conditions performed the radiographic analysis. Data were stored in a specific form, recorded in a database and analyzed using descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variability) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square analysis and calculation of the Cramer's V coefficient). RESULTS: Most patients had at least one tooth in the oral cavity (71.7%), while 28.3% were totally edentulous, an average of 10.5 teeth per individual. The average number of teeth was 11.36 in males and 9.89 in females. The number of healthy teeth was 328 (5.47 per patient). In this study, 88.3% of the subjects had periodontal bone loss, with prevalence of moderate (35.0%) and severe (28.3%) bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high incidence of edentulous individuals, the high number of restored teeth and poor periodontal conditions, it is concluded that the overall oral health status of the evaluated elderly subjects is poor.

Avaliação da eficácia de diversas substâncias químicas na descontaminação de cones de guta-percha / Evaluating the effectiveness of various chemical substances in decontamination of gutta-percha cones

Avaliou-se a eficácia de diferentes substâncias químicas, em diferentes tempos de imersão, na desinfecção de cones de guta-percha previamente contaminados com Enterococcus faecalis. Foram utilizados 90 cones de guta-percha #40 de embalagens lacradas que sofreram contaminação com as cepas por 1 minuto e 24 horas. Foram submersos em Álcool 70%, Clorexidina 0,12%, Clorexidina 2%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 1%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2%, Hipoclorito de Sódio a 2,5% e Soro fisiológico, permanecendo por 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 minutos. Os cones foram introduzidos em tubos de ensaio, contendo 5ml de caldo de cultura BHI e levados à estufa bacteriológica. A avaliação da descontaminação foi feita pela análise visual da turvação do meio de cultura. O grupo com os cones desinfetados com soro fisiológico, em todos os tempos, foi considerado o controle positivo. As demais soluções mostraram-se efetivas desde que utilizadas por, pelo menos, 1 minuto. Os resultados foram os mesmos tanto para os cones de guta-percha imersos na suspensão microbiana durante 1 minuto, como também durante 24 horas. Conclui-se que seja mais segura a realização da descontaminação prévia dos cones por, pelo menos, um minuto, para que, assim, se possa evitar o insucesso do tratamento.

The efficacy of different chemical substances was evaluated in different immersion times for disinfection of gutta-percha cones previously contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. 90 gutta-percha cones # 40 of sealed packages were used, which have suffered contamination with strains for 1 minute and 24 hours. They were submerged in 70% alcohol, 0.12% Chlorhexidine, 2% Chlorhexidine, 1% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and saline solution, remaining at 1, 2, 3 , 4 and 5 minutes. The cones were introduced in test tubes containing 5ml of BHI broth and taken to a bacteriological incubator. The decontamination evaluation was performed by visual analysis of culture medium turbidity. The group with cones disinfected with saline solution at all times was considered the positive control. The other solutions were effective if used for at least 1 minute. The results were the same for gutta-percha cones immersed in the microbial suspension for 1 min or 24 hours. It is concluded that it is safer the prior decontamination of the cones for at least one minute, so that it can be prevented the treatment failure.